Policy: If substantial doubts arise about the validity of the published work, and an investigation is ongoing, the journal may decide to publish an expression of concern. This is to notify readers that the article's findings may not be reliable.
Procedure: The expression of concern can be issued by the Editor-in-Chief after consultation with the editorial board and, if necessary, external experts. The notice will remain in place until a conclusive decision is made about the article’s status.
